CONTENTS page

Cover page

Preface i

Chpater 1. Introduction

A. Virtue Ethics 5

B. Ayene Helina, the light of our will. 7

C. Utilitarianism: Utility Ethics 10

D. Duty-based Ethics: Deontology. 13

E. Ethical Egoism vs Ethical Yelugnta 19

E1. Ethical Egoism 19

E2. Ethical Yelugnt 22

Chapter 2. Rights ("mebet') of individuals, and the social contract. 25

On the state of nature. 26

On natural law. 28

On social contract. 29

On history of social contracts. 31

Church reformation and hizabawi imbita.

Abba Estifanos (1380? - 1450) 34

Individual rights.

a. philosopher Zera Yacob 37

b. Thomas Hobbes 39

c. John Locke 41

d. Jean Jacques Rousseau (: on social contract) 43

e. The American constitution 44

f. Woodrow Wilson -- self determination 44

Conclusion. 45

References 49

Appendix.

Appendix 1. Propagation of language 53

Appendix 2. Names and Languages 69

Appendix 3. Alien political agitators 83

Appendix 4. The Role of David Mercer 89

Appendix 5. Snapshot of foreign intervention 103

Appendix 6. US intervention & National Conference 107

Appendix 7. Western Intellectuals on African regimes 111

Appendix 8. Ellis' failed & dysfunctional states 113

Appendix 9. Reactions to views of s Western scholars 117

Appendix 10. The UF = Congress + Senate 121

Appendix 11. Eight Points Principles 127

Acronym 129